Ferroelectric heterostructures modulated tribo-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator for mechanical energy harvesting and water splitting applications

Hybrid nanogenerators have attracted much attention in the fields of renewable energy sources and self-powered sensors due to their high output power density, energy conversion efficiency and wide frequency bandwidth. However, the complex structure, impedance mismatch and large device size of hybrid nanogenerators can still restrict their applications. Herein, a tribo-piezoelectric nanogenerator consisting of porous ferroelectric fiber mats and array-structured ferroelectric composite with aligned pore structure was designed and constructed. The triboelectric energy harvesting performance is significantly enhanced by the introduction of ferroelectric Ag-BCZT heterostructures and the adoption of high-voltage poling technique. The maximum output voltage and current of the triboelectric nanogenerator with 5 wt% Ag-BCZT NWs content reach 626 V and 240 μA, respectively, with a peak power density of 2.33 mW/cm 2. The array-structured piezoelectric nanogenerator can achieve a maximum power density of 1.84 mW/cm 2. Then, a tribo-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator was obtained by combining the piezoelectric and triboelectric components in all-in-one package. The electricity generated by the tribo-piezoelectric hybrid nanogenerator can be used to charge capacitors, and the maximum energy stored in a 100 μF capacitor can reach 2.66 mJ. Moreover, it can light 126 blue LED bulbs, supply power for commercial low-power electronic devices and hydrogen production via water electrolysis. This work provides a new strategy to design and fabricate high-performance tribo-piezoelectric nanogenerators for mechanical energy harvesting application.

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