To address the challenge of achieving strength-ductility synergy in CoCrFeNi-based high-entropy alloy coatings, this study proposes a co-strengthening strategy via Al/Ti co-addition combined with aging treatment. Laser-clad CoCrFeNi₂AlₓTiₓ (x = 0, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5) coatings were systematically investigated to clarify microstructure evolution and performance optimization mechanisms governed by coherent precipitate formation and aging-induced dispersion strengthening.   Guided by CALPHAD thermodynamic calculations, dual-phase coatings were fabricated, with microstructures characterized using XRD, SEM, FSEM, EBSD, and TEM. Mechanical properties were evaluated through tensile and wear tests. Results show that Al/Ti addition induces the precipitation of coherent L1₂-Ni₃(Al,Ti) nanoprecipitates, promoting a transition from columnar to equiaxed grains with approximately 40 % grain refinement. The Al₀.₄Ti₀.₄ coating achieves an optimal strength-ductility balance (yield strength 457 MPa, elongation 35.3 %) due to its ideal L1₂ phase fraction (12.26 %), where coherent precipitation strengthening collaborates with grain refinement to enhance mechanical properties. Post-aging treatment further improves the dispersion of L1₂ phase—30–40 nm coherent nanoparticles form in Al₀.₅Ti₀.₅—enhancing ultimate tensile strength by 48.5 % (to 948 MPa) via the Orowan bypass mechanism enabled by coherent precipitate-matrix interfaces. Wear mechanisms shift from fatigue-oxidative wear dominance in Al₀Ti₀ to abrasion-dominated behavior, with Al₀.₄Ti₀.₄ exhibiting the lowest wear rate (3.071 × 10 −4 mm 3/(N·m)) due to the synergistic effects of coherent precipitate-reinforced matrix and optimized microstructure. The findings provide theoretical guidance for leveraging coherent precipitate engineering in surface engineering applications.