This investigation evaluates the performance enhancement of wind turbine gearbox lubrication systems through graphene oxide (GO) nanoparticle additives, a crucial advancement for sustainable energy infrastructure. By integrating computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling with empirical testing, the impact of GO particle concentration on lubrication dynamics, self-healing properties, and wear reduction is comprehensively investigated. A specialized nanofluid lubrication test rig was developed to quantify gear wear patterns across varying GO concentrations. The rotating fluid-particle dynamics were precisely simulated using a sliding mesh technique coupled with a VOF-DPM hybrid multiphase approach. Lubricant distribution patterns were characterized at rotational velocities spanning 600-1800   rpm, revealing three distinct nanoparticle behaviors: surface adhesion, centrifugal ejection, and splash dispersion. The nanoparticle-gear interaction mechanism demonstrates intricate dynamics governed by interfacial adhesion, rotational forces, and surface contact effects. For 4   wt% GO concentration, particles exhibit ordered trajectories, contrasting with chaotic movements of 1   wt%. Higher concentrations lead to increased internal collision behavior and coupling force. Furthermore, the experiment demonstrates that nanoparticles potentially diffuse into the metal matrix during friction, improving the self-healing capabilities. The maximum root wear depth is significantly reduced by 43%, and the wear volume decreases by 140% at a 4   wt% GO concentration compared to 2   wt%. These findings highlight the potential of GO-infused nanofluids to improve wear resistance, reduce maintenance costs, and extend the lifespan of wind turbine gearboxes, contributing to the reliability and sustainability of wind energy generation.